Paloma Cárdenas Orozco Augusto López Aguilar María Rodríguez Díaz María José Ordóñez Platas Fernando Riveroll Aréchiga
Tutor: Miss Loxá Tamayo
Actividad Inicial: Sensibilización del Tema
Introducción y Reflexión:
En esta actividad lo que hicimos fue: Analizamos unas imágenes teniendo que responder unas preguntas. Tuvimos que describir, decir que pensábamos, que era, etc. Y basado en eso hicimos esta reflexión: Estas imágenes nos cuentan un campo de golf rodeado de diferentes tipos de flora y ambiente natural. La otra imagen nos cuenta sobre una selva o bosque tropical que forma parte de la naturaleza. A la mayoría de nosotros nos gusto más el bosque húmedo-tropical por que es más natural y esta conservado. Creemos que aunque las dos sean unos ambientes naturales, don diferentes. En estos lugares hay diferentes climas, en la primera imagen hay un clima soleado y despejado, y en la segunda, el clima es húmedo, lluvioso y templado. Lo que nos hace suponer esto es el ambiente a su alrededor y la flora que hay. En la primera imagen hay poca variedad de flora, ya que solo encontramos 5 tipos de flora, ya que es un ambiente semi artificial, mientras que la otra imagen tiene 19 diferentes tipos de flora, ya que es un ambiente totalmente natural. En la primera imagen se necesita agua para mantener el lugar, al mismo tiempo que se requiere personal y electricidad. Para mantener un aspecto semi-natural. En la segunda imagen solo se necesita el agua de la lluvia, la cual se obtiene gracias a su clima.
¿De qué manera la asignatura estará involucrada en el proyecto PI?
Reflexiones:
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 1 La asignatura de matemáticas está involucrada en el proyecto PI de muchas maneras. Nos va a servir para hacer graficas de los bosques talados, incrementación de tala, etc. Nos va a servir para sacar promedios y porcentajes de muchos datos. Para sumar, restar, multiplicar y/o dividir datos sobre cantidades, porcentajes, etc. Con la conversión de medidas podemos ver las hectáreas, metros cúbicos y metros cuadrados de las áreas verdes, de cuantas especies de tal especie hay en el D.F. Está involucrada en el sentido de contaduría o sentido matemático. Va a ser muy importante.
Reflexión hecha por: Paloma Cárdenas Orozco
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 2 Durante el proyecto PI, participarán varias asignaturas, entre ellas matemáticas. Yo creo que matemáticas va o puede estar involucrada en el proyecto ya que para tener información mucho más completa, hay que realizar encuestas, calcular porcentajes, hacer estadísticas y hacer gráficas también.El tema del proyecto PI es sobre el “ambiente” y yo creo que podríamos utilizar las matemáticas para hacer encuestas sobre la cantidad y tipos de medio ambiente que hay en el mundo, escuela, comunidad, etc. También, podemos hacer estadísticas y comparaciones de cómo era, es y será el medio ambiente en general. Para esto sí se necesitan las matemáticas y los números. Creo que unas materias o asignaturas participarán más que matemáticas pero… aún así, ésta asignatura pondrá (con nuestra ayuda claro) su importante granito de arena. Reflexión hecha por: María José Ordóñez Platas
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 3 Yo creo que las matemáticas nos pueden ayudar con nuestro proyecto PI para saber cómo calcular los gastos de recursos que se utilizan para preservar las áreas verdes de México. A través de estas también se puede mantener el registro de los metros cuadrados en las áreas verdes. Si estas áreas verdes generan ingresos, con las matemáticas se puede llevar la contabilidad de estos ingresos. Reflexión hecha por: María Rodríguez Díaz
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 4 La asignatura de matemáticas nos puede ayudar e el proyecto PI sacando el porcentaje de las personas que cuidan y contaminan haciendo encuestas y entrevistas. Basado en eso podemos hacer gráficas circulares y de barras sobre lo mismo. También nos ayudaría sabiendo cuanta agua gastan las personas normalmente y tratar de reducir esa cantidad.
Reflexión hecha por: Augusto López Aguilar
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 5 Las matemáticas están involucradas en el proyecto PI porque sin las matemáticas severas partes del proyecto no podrán ser realizadas. Con las matemáticas el proyecto PI puede ser realizado con más facilidad y sin el error más mínimo y diminuto. Reflexión hecha por: Fernando Riveroll Aréchiga
Art in the Pedregal de San Ángel, a History Introduction
In this wiki of art, you will find all the information we have been researching about green areas and art in the Pedregal de San Ángel for all over the year. This information is very complete and diverse because we tell you many facts about art in “The Pedregal de San Ángel” and the facilities of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). We mainly investigated the “Zona Arqeológica de Cuicuilco”, the art of UNAM and finally the sculptors who contributed for these beautiful and creative artworks. We REALLY hope you enjoy it!
Cuicuilco: Dr. Atl, best known as Gerardo Murillo changed his name in his search for a genuinely Mexican identity. Born in 1875, he studied in the Guadalajara Boys High School. Atl went to Europe, and during his stay, Atl amongst other achievements, walked from Rome to Paris and later from Paris to Madrid, won a medal for a self-portrait and was profoundly influenced by the impressionist and Post-impressionist movements then in vogue in Europe. Art in Mexico at the time was almost exclusively limited to imitations of Old Masters, especially of their religious themes. Creativity was extinguished. Atl returned to Mexico full of anti-academic sentiments and convinced that Mexican art needed a revolution. He held a surprisingly successful exhibition in Tlaquepaque and another larger one in the garden of San Francisco church. Later, he became Mexico's best known Impressionist painter. Dr. Atl's love of the outdoors and his active nature is easily seen in his many paintings which portray the landscapes of his era. Among his interests was the study of volcanoes, and he spent much time climbing both Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl.
Research by María José Ordóñez Platas
Art Around University We can find different types of art around campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, also known as UNAM, from modern architecture, to different kinds of murals and modern art sculptures. The “Espacio Escultórico” is located inside the UNAM, in the area of “El Pedregal”. Helen Escobedo, Manuel Felguérez, Matías Goeritz, Hersúa, Sebastián and Federico Silva participated in the creation of this place. Thirty one years ago the “Espacio Escultórico” was inaugurated. It was a collective work of art dreamed by some of the youngest and most idealist creators in Mexico. We mentioned their names previously. They only had one thing in their minds: “to make art a great event for everyone and for always, keeping aside, at least for this one time, the individualism”. They decided to work on one of the rockiest areas of El Pedregal, instead of modifying the terrain, the artists decided to respect the naughty land, made by the lave of the Xitle and Ajusco volcanoes. The challenge was to create a piece of art which adapted itself to the topography and respected the flora and fauna, and instead of creating new landscapes, find new ways which the terrain hided and were only waiting to emerge. “If we think about it, the circular structure of the Espacio Escultórico is not very complicated, what surprises is they had the vision to predict the place contained such shapes”.
Murals In the central campus of the university we find different murals, such as: Central Library by Juan O’Gorman, Rectory Tower by David Alfaro Siqueiros, the Stadium by Diego Rivera, and some others made by muralists like Benito Messeguer, Mario Omar Falcón, José Chávez Morado, Francisco Eppens Helguera, Federico Silva, Mathías Goeritz and Guillermo Ceniceros.
Central Library MuralsNorth Mural – This mural has to do with the prehispanic period and plays with the duality of life and death.
South Mural – This area explains the colonial period and its dual character throughout the conquering: the pitiful and spiritual aspect against the arm violent conquering.
West Mural - Here the confrontation of elements in both sides is repeated, this time playing the duality tradition-progress, referring the two aspects of social progress in Mexico: the city and the country.
East Mural –In this mural, the artist tried to seek a definitive synthesis for the national culture. The most approximate image for this purpose was the university activity and therefore knowledge within its relationship to society and productive life. O’Gorman displayed prehispanic, student and popular motifs on the lateral sections, not forgetting about sports.
The authorities that were in charge of “Ciudad Universitaria” decided that each building would be an individual project, so they selected architects for each building. Carlos Lazo and Mario Pani, besides being in charge of the master project, undertook the project in detail of the open spaces between buildings, coordinating the work of the architects in charge of projects to get the final adjustment to achieve unity and harmony in the set. On June 10, 1948 the new head principal, Dr. Luis Garrido was appointed, and in 1949 was able to resume the work of the Commission. Given that the architect Mauricio M. Campos died in March of that year, architects Enrique del Moral and Mario Pani were ratified by the new university officials as directors of the Project Master Plan and individual project coordinators, who appointed the architects to handle these projects, this designation accelerated the completion of related programs, for which it had appointed earlier, special advisers and consultants. The project was undertaken under the Directorate General Joint Project in charge, as stated by architects Enrique del Moral and Mario Pani, in addition to the Master Plan, coordinated projects of buildings which were to form the “Ciudad Universitaria”, prepared by teams of architects who had been designated for that purpose.
Research by Paloma Cárdenas Orozco and María José Ordóñez Platas
Jardines del Pedregal Mathias Goeritz is a painter, sculptor and Mexican architect associated with the trend of constructive abstraction. He studied medicine at the University of Berlin for a year. He lived for a time in Guadalajara and later, in 1952, he did the construction of a building in Mexico City and other projects that are part of today's urban landscape.
On 1949 Mathias Goeritz thinks about and creates "The animal", a sculpture located in the Pedregal de San Angel, Mexico City.
Research by María Rodríguez
Luis Barragán Morfín Luis Barragán has been gaining a huge importance in the field of international architecture, despite the small number of his works. Has had great influence on new generations of architects. With a house in Tacubaya that will affirm an architectural style which he called emotional. Another aspect of his work is in the field of urbanism, such as entrances and destroyed plazas from Jardines del Pedregal, San Ángel and Las Fuentes of Las Arboledas, that were abandoned. They were excellent lessons of good culture and love of nature, in which public spaces also demonstrated outside the campus security staff man can choose the beauty. Luis Barragán Morfín
Enrique del Moral Enrique del Moral Martinez was a Mexican architect, one of the leading exponents of modern Mexican architecture and one of the most prominent of the so-called functionalism. Designer and manufacturer of over 100 public and private works of all kinds, made in more than 50 years of employment: hospitals, clinics, universities and schools, airports, subway stations, hotels, office buildings and apartments, housing complexes, houses for workers and employees, magna residences, sports fields etc, even arenas. It is known for his leading role in the overall plot plan of Ciudad Universitaria (1947-1952), in UNAM, where he was responsible, along with the architects Mario Pani and Salvador Ortega, management and project coordination and master Rectory Tower.
Enrique del Moral
Augusto H. Alvarez Augusto Harold Álvarez García studied at the National School of Architecture. Benito Juarez International Airport, the Torre Latinoamericana, Seguros building Freedom, first prize at the Biennale of Sao Paulo, Brazil, or Bancomer Operational Center are just some of the most famous venues in Mexico City resulting from work Álvarez García. Álvarez was student of José Villagrán García. He taught at the Escuela Nacional de Arquitectura of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), where an atelier is named after him. He was founder of the school of architecture at the Universidad Iberoamericana, and was its first director. He also collaborated with notable architects like Juan Sordo Madaleno, Enrique Carral Icaza, Salvador Ortega Flores and Ricardo Legorreta, and was planned respectively participated in projects of the Mexico City International Airport, of the Universidad Iberoamericana, the business and administration school of the UNAM. Augusto H. Alvarez
Research by Augusto López Aguilar
Our school, and most of us live in the delegation Álvaro Obregón. In this diagram, you can observe the percentage of how many green areas of two different kinds can be observed in Álvaro Obregón.
In this graphic diagram, you'll observe the percentages of the total of km2 (cubic kilometer) of green areas
in each delegation of Mexico City.
In this graphic diagram, you can see the percentage of some kind of green areas in each delegation of Mexico City. Hope
you understand it and learn new facts.
Alexander Bain Institute Interdisciplinary Programme
ScienceConferenceReport “Flora and Fauna of El Pedregal de San Ángel”
Team #1 Tuesday, February 8th, 2011 Miss Ana Elena 6thC María José Ordóñez María Rodríguez Augusto López Paloma Cárdenas Fernando Riveroll
El Pedregal de San Ángel (Pedregal of San Ángel)
We had this conference to complete our investigation about the green areas in The Pedregal de San Ángel. We learned about the different species we have nowadays. When the eruption happened everything changed, the land was covered with volcanic rocks and some of the ruins are still under it. Especially we saw about the different types of insects and the way they live along the seasons. Between 1600 and 2000 years ago in the Pedregal de San Angel many eruptions occurred. Xitle was one of the volcanoes that erupted. Before that, in that area pre-Hispanic people lived there. They were called “Los Cuicuilcas”. The ecosystem was basically made by pines and oaks. The two main weather seasons that can be observed in Pedregal de San Angel are rainy and dry seasons. Between these seasons we can observe the change in the trees like the leaves falling and turning into a different color. Also the temperature gets lower in the change from autumn to winter. In some places there is snow like in the mountains and volcanoes. That is because of the altitude of the place. The UNAM has a medium sized ecological reserve of El Pedregal de San Angel. There is also a Botanic garden; these are open spaces that we can visit whenever we want to. The ecological reserve and the Botanic garden are preserved places of the old Pedregal of San Angel. In those green areas, there are still the plants and animals that lived there since the beginning of the Pedregal. In those gardens or places, biologists and other types of scientists work and study the insects and animals, by looking at them, taking photographs, hunting some without killing them, etc. This is useful to be able to still have nature and different ecosystems, but also to learn new things and know what kind of animals and plants live in our territory of Pedregal de San Angel. In this area, we can find different kinds of animals and insects everywhere, every time. In El Pedregal, it is very weird, because maybe we find a snail on winter but not on summer, so all depends on the season we are. Arthropods are a group of animals with segmented bodies and joined legs such as: spiders, dragonflies, caterpillars, butterflies, honeybees, etc. Pollinizing insects are the ones who help the flowers reproduce. The most common pollinizing insects are butterflies and bees. They use the pollen to take it to other plants or flowers so they can reproduce easily. La Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel can be seen tow flowering seasons are well defined: the dry Seaton (November to May) and rainy (June to October). During this plast, most plants have fruit: berries, pods, and samaras, among others. You can eat the fruits, they decorate Pedregal, it can be seen with some colorful trees. And they help us by producig oxygen. Colonizing plants are the ones that grow between rocks. Their roots start to expand between the rocks making cracks that let ground enter and make a layer of ground so plants grow there. Sometimes in the cracks of rocks are grounds, and by the wind seeds can arrived and start to grow. References:
Antonio Diaz Santos. Monografías.com. Volcanes. 2011.
Luis Barragán We took a trip to a house located in Pedregal. This house was built by a mexican architect called Luis Barragán. He built this house thinking about all the surrounding he had. He used to build houses with very tall walls because he thought about the noise in the streets. The houses he constructed were all based on the church because he was very spiritual. This house is adapted to nature and all the volcanic rocks because it was very expensive to move them. This house is beautiful and colorful. All the house is surrounded by all kinds of mexican nature and animals. It is full of all kinds of mexican paintings and sculptures that are really beautiful. When he constructed the house he thought about light, all the house is full of huge windows where the light comes in. When you are in it, you don’t need to have electric light during the day. When Luis Barragán was building this house, Mathias Goertiz helped him. All the furniture that is in the house was all built by him. The house is really beautiful and I really liked visiting it. It was fun and it helped us with our school project Centro Escultórico On the same trip, we also visited the “Centro Escultórico de la UNAM” in the UNAM. There were all kinds of different types of crazy and beautiful sculptures. We mainly saw the “crater volcánico”. This place has 64 triangles surrounding it. It was a religious temple called “The papayo”. Here, in this place, there were four main tribes that were located there, like: · Cuicuilco · Huipulco · Tenahitla · Copilco Each word has a different meaning: Cuicuilco: means poesy or sing Huipulco: means land of thorns Tenahitla: means land of rocks Copilco: means land of power and knowledge I really liked learning on this trip about all the sculptures and the “crater volcánico”. · Information by: María Rodríguez Díaz
Visit to the UNAM I went to the UNAM. The part where we visited was divided in three zones: the campus, the stadium and the faculties. The UNAM was created between ’52-’56. The first building that we visited was the rectory. Here there are three murals. All made by David Alfaro Sirqueiros. The first one is “Las Fechas más Importantes en la Historia de México”. That include these dates: 1520, 1810, 1857, 1910 and 19?? The next one is named “Nuevo Símbolo Universitario”. The mural has the Mexican Eagle and the Andean Condor. That means the unification between Mexico and Latin America. The last mural is named “El Pueblo a la Universidad, la Universidad al Pueblo por una Cultura Nacional Neohumanista de Profundidad Universal.” The technique is sculpture painting. A technique that uses cement, metal, and mosaics. In the library there is a mural make by Juan O’Gorman in ’52. It measure 16,000m2 and it is made by natural painted rocks. It has 4 faces. One is Mexico in the prehispanic era, other is the colonization and the last two are Mexico in the modern era. In the auditorium there is one named “La Conquista de la Energía”. Created by José Chavez in ’52 to ’53. It is make of glass mosaics. In the architecture building there is a mural named “El Retorno de Quetzalcoatl”. It shows painted persons from different cultures. It is also made by Chavez. At the medicine building there is a mural named “La Vida la Muerte el Meztisaje y los 4 Elementos”. It was made in ’53 by Francisco Eppens. It is create of glass mosaics. The deontologist building also has a mural made by Eppens. It is made of glass mosaics and was made in the ’52. The name is “La Superación del Hombre Por Medio de la Cultura”. There is a building that was a laboratory that had a kind of a machine that captured cosmic rays. It is named “Pabellón de Rayos Cósmicos”, made by Felix Candela. The mural at the stadium was made by Diego Rivera in ’52 to ’54. It is named “La Universidad la Familia y el Deporte en México”. I like this visit because they explained very well all the aspects of the murals, and much information about them. I will like that all the Mexicans could visit this beautiful area that is a cultural world heritage. I learned so many things. I will suggest to everybody to come and visit it.
· Information by: Paloma Cárdenas Orozco Visit to “The Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel” (Ecological Area of the Pedregal de San Ángel) and the “Jardín Botánico de CU” (Botanical Garden of CU) We were divided in groups, and I went to the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel en Ciudad Universitaria, the demonstrative garden and finally the Botanical Garden of CU. There, we were guided by the architect Pedro Camarena. Every single word he said was very interesting. First of all, I learned that plants are the most important thing for life, because they help us in many ways, like producing oxygen. Nature always surprises us with incredible designs, I realized this when I first entered the Ecological Reserve, where man hasn’t interfered in its development and has worked a lot to keep it wild. In this area we can see the different shapes that all the plants form. Meanwhile, the Botanical Garden has very nice fruit trees and plants, but it is artificial, because people planted all of them. The botanical garden had also art, but I think the ecological reserve’s art was better because it was natural. One of the most important things I learned, was that the plants in the Pedregal de San Ángel have their secrets to survive months without water, over rock, and with very hard exposure to the sun. Most of these plants attract a lot of fauna like pumas, hares, tlacuaches, snakes, some other insects, among others. Most of these animals aren’t dangerous. During our hike through the ecological reserve, I saw different kind of plants and beautiful flowers. There was one of them I liked called “Paloloco”; that plant is very famous because it gives flowers during winter! Another plant my friends and I really loved a flower or plant called “Oreja de Burro” or “Echeveria Gibbiflora”. It changed its colors from bottom to top. On one plant called Tigridia Pavonia, my friend Dafne spotted a very nice white, praying mantis. It seemed a very nice flower, but it wasn’t. Mr. Camarena showed all of us a plant that was very similar to a pea pod. He told me to taste it and it was delicious! After eating our lunch, we went to the greenhouse, where we saw many plants that were treated by professional people with “agrolita and vermiculita”. We learned many, many things and saw different types of plants. I liked and enjoyed this visit a lot because I learned facts I didn’t know about all kinds of pants in the Pedregal de San Ángel environments. · Information by: María José Ordóñez Platas
Paloma Cárdenas Orozco
Augusto López Aguilar
María Rodríguez Díaz
María José Ordóñez Platas
Fernando Riveroll Aréchiga
Tutor: Miss Loxá Tamayo
Actividad Inicial: Sensibilización del Tema
Introducción y Reflexión:En esta actividad lo que hicimos fue:
Analizamos unas imágenes teniendo que responder unas preguntas. Tuvimos que describir, decir que pensábamos, que era, etc. Y basado en eso hicimos esta reflexión:
Estas imágenes nos cuentan un campo de golf rodeado de diferentes tipos de flora y ambiente natural. La otra imagen nos cuenta sobre una selva o bosque tropical que forma parte de la naturaleza.
A la mayoría de nosotros nos gusto más el bosque húmedo-tropical por que es más natural y esta conservado. Creemos que aunque las dos sean unos ambientes naturales, don diferentes. En estos lugares hay diferentes climas, en la primera imagen hay un clima soleado y despejado, y en la segunda, el clima es húmedo, lluvioso y templado. Lo que nos hace suponer esto es el ambiente a su alrededor y la flora que hay.
En la primera imagen hay poca variedad de flora, ya que solo encontramos 5 tipos de flora, ya que es un ambiente semi artificial, mientras que la otra imagen tiene 19 diferentes tipos de flora, ya que es un ambiente totalmente natural.
En la primera imagen se necesita agua para mantener el lugar, al mismo tiempo que se requiere personal y electricidad. Para mantener un aspecto semi-natural.
En la segunda imagen solo se necesita el agua de la lluvia, la cual se obtiene gracias a su clima.
¿De qué manera la asignatura estará involucrada en el proyecto PI?
Reflexiones:
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 1
La asignatura de matemáticas está involucrada en el proyecto PI de muchas maneras. Nos va a servir para hacer graficas de los bosques talados, incrementación de tala, etc. Nos va a servir para sacar promedios y porcentajes de muchos datos. Para sumar, restar, multiplicar y/o dividir datos sobre cantidades, porcentajes, etc. Con la conversión de medidas podemos ver las hectáreas, metros cúbicos y metros cuadrados de las áreas verdes, de cuantas especies de tal especie hay en el D.F. Está involucrada en el sentido de contaduría o sentido matemático. Va a ser muy importante.
Reflexión hecha por: Paloma Cárdenas Orozco
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 2
Durante el proyecto PI, participarán varias asignaturas, entre ellas matemáticas. Yo creo que matemáticas va o puede estar involucrada en el proyecto ya que para tener información mucho más completa, hay que realizar encuestas, calcular porcentajes, hacer estadísticas y hacer gráficas también.El tema del proyecto PI es sobre el “ambiente” y yo creo que podríamos utilizar las matemáticas para hacer encuestas sobre la cantidad y tipos de medio ambiente que hay en el mundo, escuela, comunidad, etc. También, podemos hacer estadísticas y comparaciones de cómo era, es y será el medio ambiente en general. Para esto sí se necesitan las matemáticas y los números. Creo que unas materias o asignaturas participarán más que matemáticas pero… aún así, ésta asignatura pondrá (con nuestra ayuda claro) su importante granito de arena.
Reflexión hecha por: María José Ordóñez Platas
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 3
Yo creo que las matemáticas nos pueden ayudar con nuestro proyecto PI para saber cómo calcular los gastos de recursos que se utilizan para preservar las áreas verdes de México. A través de estas también se puede mantener el registro de los metros cuadrados en las áreas verdes. Si estas áreas verdes generan ingresos, con las matemáticas se puede llevar la contabilidad de estos ingresos.
Reflexión hecha por: María Rodríguez Díaz
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 4
La asignatura de matemáticas nos puede ayudar e el proyecto PI sacando el porcentaje de las personas que cuidan y contaminan haciendo encuestas y entrevistas. Basado en eso podemos hacer gráficas circulares y de barras sobre lo mismo. También nos ayudaría sabiendo cuanta agua gastan las personas normalmente y tratar de reducir esa cantidad.
Reflexión hecha por: Augusto López Aguilar
· Reflexión de Matemáticas 5
Las matemáticas están involucradas en el proyecto PI porque sin las matemáticas severas partes del proyecto no podrán ser realizadas. Con las matemáticas el proyecto PI puede ser realizado con más facilidad y sin el error más mínimo y diminuto.
Reflexión hecha por: Fernando Riveroll Aréchiga
Art in the Pedregal de San Ángel, a History
Introduction
In this wiki of art, you will find all the information we have been researching about green areas and art in the Pedregal de San Ángel for all over the year. This information is very complete and diverse because we tell you many facts about art in “The Pedregal de San Ángel” and the facilities of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). We mainly investigated the “Zona Arqeológica de Cuicuilco”, the art of UNAM and finally the sculptors who contributed for these beautiful and creative artworks. We REALLY hope you enjoy it!
Cuicuilco:
Dr. Atl, best known as Gerardo Murillo changed his name in his search for a genuinely Mexican identity. Born in 1875, he studied in the Guadalajara Boys High School. Atl went to Europe, and during his stay, Atl amongst other achievements, walked from Rome to Paris and later from Paris to Madrid, won a medal for a self-portrait and was profoundly influenced by the impressionist and Post-impressionist movements then in vogue in Europe. Art in Mexico at the time was almost exclusively limited to imitations of Old Masters, especially of their religious themes. Creativity was extinguished. Atl returned to Mexico full of anti-academic sentiments and convinced that Mexican art needed a revolution. He held a surprisingly successful exhibition in Tlaquepaque and another larger one in the garden of San Francisco church. Later, he became Mexico's best known Impressionist painter. Dr. Atl's love of the outdoors and his active nature is easily seen in his many paintings which portray the landscapes of his era. Among his interests was the study of volcanoes, and he spent much time climbing both Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl.
Research by María José Ordóñez Platas
Art Around University
We can find different types of art around campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, also known as UNAM, from modern architecture, to different kinds of murals and modern art sculptures. The “Espacio Escultórico” is located inside the UNAM, in the area of “El Pedregal”. Helen Escobedo, Manuel Felguérez, Matías Goeritz, Hersúa, Sebastián and Federico Silva participated in the creation of this place. Thirty one years ago the “Espacio Escultórico” was inaugurated. It was a collective work of art dreamed by some of the youngest and most idealist creators in Mexico. We mentioned their names previously. They only had one thing in their minds: “to make art a great event for everyone and for always, keeping aside, at least for this one time, the individualism”. They decided to work on one of the rockiest areas of El Pedregal, instead of modifying the terrain, the artists decided to respect the naughty land, made by the lave of the Xitle and Ajusco volcanoes. The challenge was to create a piece of art which adapted itself to the topography and respected the flora and fauna, and instead of creating new landscapes, find new ways which the terrain hided and were only waiting to emerge. “If we think about it, the circular structure of the Espacio Escultórico is not very complicated, what surprises is they had the vision to predict the place contained such shapes”.
Murals In the central campus of the university we find different murals, such as: Central Library by Juan O’Gorman, Rectory Tower by David Alfaro Siqueiros, the Stadium by Diego Rivera, and some others made by muralists like Benito Messeguer, Mario Omar Falcón, José Chávez Morado, Francisco Eppens Helguera, Federico Silva, Mathías Goeritz and Guillermo Ceniceros.
Central Library Murals North Mural – This mural has to do with the prehispanic period and plays with the duality of life and death.
South Mural – This area explains the colonial period and its dual character throughout the conquering: the pitiful and spiritual aspect against the arm violent conquering.
West Mural - Here the confrontation of elements in both sides is repeated, this time playing the duality tradition-progress, referring the two aspects of social progress in Mexico: the city and the country.
East Mural – In this mural, the artist tried to seek a definitive synthesis for the national culture. The most approximate image for this purpose was the university activity and therefore knowledge within its relationship to society and productive life. O’Gorman displayed prehispanic, student and popular motifs on the lateral sections, not forgetting about sports.
The authorities that were in charge of “Ciudad Universitaria” decided that each building would be an individual project, so they selected architects for each building.
Carlos Lazo and Mario Pani, besides being in charge of the master project, undertook the project in detail of the open spaces between buildings, coordinating the work of the architects in charge of projects to get the final adjustment to achieve unity and harmony in the set.
On June 10, 1948 the new head principal, Dr. Luis Garrido was appointed, and in 1949 was able to resume the work of the Commission. Given that the architect Mauricio M. Campos died in March of that year, architects Enrique del Moral and Mario Pani were ratified by the new university officials as directors of the Project Master Plan and individual project coordinators, who appointed the architects to handle these projects, this designation accelerated the completion of related programs, for which it had appointed earlier, special advisers and consultants. The project was undertaken under the Directorate General Joint Project in charge, as stated by architects Enrique del Moral and Mario Pani, in addition to the Master Plan, coordinated projects of buildings which were to form the “Ciudad Universitaria”, prepared by teams of architects who had been designated for that purpose.
Research by Paloma Cárdenas Orozco and María José Ordóñez Platas
Jardines del Pedregal
Mathias Goeritz is a painter, sculptor and Mexican architect associated with the trend of constructive abstraction. He studied medicine at the University of Berlin for a year.
He lived for a time in Guadalajara and later, in 1952, he did the construction of a building in Mexico City and other projects that are part of today's urban landscape.
On 1949 Mathias Goeritz thinks about and creates "The animal", a sculpture located in the Pedregal de San Angel, Mexico City.
Research by María Rodríguez
Luis Barragán Morfín
Luis Barragán has been gaining a huge importance in the field of international architecture, despite the small number of his works. Has had great influence on new generations of architects. With a house in Tacubaya that will affirm an architectural style which he called emotional. Another aspect of his work is in the field of urbanism, such as entrances and destroyed plazas from Jardines del Pedregal, San Ángel and Las Fuentes of Las Arboledas, that were abandoned. They were excellent lessons of good culture and love of nature, in which public spaces also demonstrated outside the campus security staff man can choose the beauty.
Luis Barragán Morfín
Enrique del Moral
Enrique del Moral Martinez was a Mexican architect, one of the leading exponents of modern Mexican architecture and one of the most prominent of the so-called functionalism. Designer and manufacturer of over 100 public and private works of all kinds, made in more than 50 years of employment: hospitals, clinics, universities and schools, airports, subway stations, hotels, office buildings and apartments, housing complexes, houses for workers and employees, magna residences, sports fields etc, even arenas. It is known for his leading role in the overall plot plan of Ciudad Universitaria (1947-1952), in UNAM, where he was responsible, along with the architects Mario Pani and Salvador Ortega, management and project coordination and master Rectory Tower.
Enrique del Moral
Augusto H. Alvarez
Augusto Harold Álvarez García studied at the National School of Architecture. Benito Juarez International Airport, the Torre Latinoamericana, Seguros building Freedom, first prize at the Biennale of Sao Paulo, Brazil, or Bancomer Operational Center are just some of the most famous venues in Mexico City resulting from work Álvarez García. Álvarez was student of José Villagrán García. He taught at the Escuela Nacional de Arquitectura of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), where an atelier is named after him. He was founder of the school of architecture at the Universidad Iberoamericana, and was its first director. He also collaborated with notable architects like Juan Sordo Madaleno, Enrique Carral Icaza, Salvador Ortega Flores and Ricardo Legorreta, and was planned respectively participated in projects of the Mexico City International Airport, of the Universidad Iberoamericana, the business and administration school of the UNAM.
Augusto H. Alvarez
Research by Augusto López Aguilar
Our school, and most of us live in the delegation Álvaro Obregón. In this diagram, you can observe the percentage of how many green areas of two different kinds can be observed in Álvaro Obregón.
In this graphic diagram, you'll observe the percentages of the total of km2 (cubic kilometer) of green areas
in each delegation of Mexico City.
you understand it and learn new facts.
References:
· José Manuel Covarrubias. ”EL ESPACIO ESCULTÓRICO DE LA UNAM CUMPLE 31AÑOS”. Boletín UNAM. April 23, 2010. http://www.dgcs.unam.mx/boletin/bdboletin/2010_251.html. (25/01/11)
· Anonymous. “La creación de la Ciudad Universitaria”. UNAM. No date. http://unam.mx/patrimonio/creacion.html. (25/01/11)
· Anonymous. Biografias y vidas. 2010. http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/g/goertiz. (25/01/11)
· Tony Burton. Mexconnect. Dr. Atl and the Revolution in Mexico’s Art. 2010. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1205-dr-atl-and-the-revolution-in-mexico-s-art. (25/01/11)
· Anonymous. Economic Expert. Plan of Tenochtitlán by Dr. Atl. 2011. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Dr:Atl:Ct.htm. (25/01/11)
· Esteban Baca. Wikipedia. Dr. Atl. 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Atl. (25/01/11)
· Alonso Olivares. La Jornada. El campus de CU, patrimonio cultural de la humanidad. 2011. http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2007/06/29/index.php?section=sociedad&article=047n1soc. (25/01/11)
Image References:
· Central Library UNAM. Wikipedia. 2011. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Central_Library_Biblioteca_Central_U.N.A.M.jpg. (25/01/11)
·Serpiente. Ciudad de México. 2009. http://ciudadmexico.com.mx/images/zones/pedregal/serpiente_goeritz.jpg]]. (25/01/11)
· Anonymous. La Jornada. 2011. http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2002/03/02/Images/05af1.jpg. (25/01/11)
· Anonymous. Academics. 2000. http://www.esacademic.com/pictures/eswiki/69/Enrique_del_Moral_2.jpg. (26/01/11)
· Urbipedia.com. 2009. http://www.urbipedia.net/images/thumb/0/03/Augusto_H_Alvarez.jpg/300px-Augusto_H_Alvarez.jpg. (26/01/11)
Video References:
· Fmgleza. Cuicuilco, Zona Arqueológica. YOUTUBE.COM.
2011-02-10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrdApmwkxHI&feature=fvsr
Código: <iframe title="YouTube video
player"width="500"height="405"src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/mrdA
pmwkxHI?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> . (10/02/11)
· 1cuart . Prehisp nano 007 Cuicuilco . YOUTUBE.COM. 2011-02-10.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uDztm7lZ3U
Código: <iframe title="YouTube video player" width="500" height="405" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/5uDztm7lZ3U?rel=0" frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>. (10/02/11)
· Irenenavag. Murales UNAM. YOUTUBE.COM. 2011-02-10
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDTPkIHDW_Q
Código: <iframe title="YouTube video player" width="500" height="405" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/dDTPkIHDW_Q?rel=0"frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>. (10/02/11)
Alexander Bain Institute
Interdisciplinary Programme
Science Conference Report
“Flora and Fauna of El Pedregal de San Ángel”
Team #1
Tuesday, February 8th, 2011
Miss Ana Elena 6thC
María José Ordóñez
María Rodríguez
Augusto López
Paloma Cárdenas
Fernando Riveroll
El Pedregal de San Ángel (Pedregal of San Ángel)
We had this conference to complete our investigation about the green areas in The Pedregal de San Ángel. We learned about the different species we have nowadays. When the eruption happened everything changed, the land was covered with volcanic rocks and some of the ruins are still under it. Especially we saw about the different types of insects and the way they live along the seasons.
Between 1600 and 2000 years ago in the Pedregal de San Angel many eruptions occurred. Xitle was one of the volcanoes that erupted. Before that, in that area pre-Hispanic people lived there. They were called “Los Cuicuilcas”. The ecosystem was basically made by pines and oaks. The two main weather seasons that can be observed in Pedregal de San Angel are rainy and dry seasons. Between these seasons we can observe the change in the trees like the leaves falling and turning into a different color. Also the temperature gets lower in the change from autumn to winter. In some places there is snow like in the mountains and volcanoes. That is because of the altitude of the place. The UNAM has a medium sized ecological reserve of El Pedregal de San Angel. There is also a Botanic garden; these are open spaces that we can visit whenever we want to. The ecological reserve and the Botanic garden are preserved places of the old Pedregal of San Angel. In those green areas, there are still the plants and animals that lived there since the beginning of the Pedregal. In those gardens or places, biologists and other types of scientists work and study the insects and animals, by looking at them, taking photographs, hunting some without killing them, etc. This is useful to be able to still have nature and different ecosystems, but also to learn new things and know what kind of animals and plants live in our territory of Pedregal de San Angel. In this area, we can find different kinds of animals and insects everywhere, every time. In El Pedregal, it is very weird, because maybe we find a snail on winter but not on summer, so all depends on the season we are. Arthropods are a group of animals with segmented bodies and joined legs such as: spiders, dragonflies, caterpillars, butterflies, honeybees, etc. Pollinizing insects are the ones who help the flowers reproduce. The most common pollinizing insects are butterflies and bees. They use the pollen to take it to other plants or flowers so they can reproduce easily. La Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel can be seen tow flowering seasons are well defined: the dry Seaton (November to May) and rainy (June to October). During this plast, most plants have fruit: berries, pods, and samaras, among others. You can eat the fruits, they decorate Pedregal, it can be seen with some colorful trees. And they help us by producig oxygen. Colonizing plants are the ones that grow between rocks. Their roots start to expand between the rocks making cracks that let ground enter and make a layer of ground so plants grow there. Sometimes in the cracks of rocks are grounds, and by the wind seeds can arrived and start to grow.
References:
- Antonio Diaz Santos. Monografías.com. Volcanes. 2011.
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/volcanes/volcanes.shtml . (8/2/11).- Anonymous. Glossopedia. Arthropods. 2010. http://www.globio.org/glossopedia/article.aspx?art_id=15.
(8/2/11)Luis Barragán We took a trip to a house located in Pedregal. This house was built by a mexican architect called Luis Barragán. He built this house thinking about all the surrounding he had. He used to build houses with very tall walls because he thought about the noise in the streets. The houses he constructed were all based on the church because he was very spiritual. This house is adapted to nature and all the volcanic rocks because it was very expensive to move them. This house is beautiful and colorful. All the house is surrounded by all kinds of mexican nature and animals. It is full of all kinds of mexican paintings and sculptures that are really beautiful. When he constructed the house he thought about light, all the house is full of huge windows where the light comes in. When you are in it, you don’t need to have electric light during the day. When Luis Barragán was building this house, Mathias Goertiz helped him. All the furniture that is in the house was all built by him. The house is really beautiful and I really liked visiting it. It was fun and it helped us with our school project Centro Escultórico On the same trip, we also visited the “Centro Escultórico de la UNAM” in the UNAM. There were all kinds of different types of crazy and beautiful sculptures. We mainly saw the “crater volcánico”. This place has 64 triangles surrounding it. It was a religious temple called “The papayo”. Here, in this place, there were four main tribes that were located there, like: · Cuicuilco · Huipulco · Tenahitla · Copilco Each word has a different meaning: Cuicuilco: means poesy or sing
Huipulco: means land of thorns
Tenahitla: means land of rocks
Copilco: means land of power and knowledge
I really liked learning on this trip about all the sculptures and the “crater volcánico”.
· Information by: María Rodríguez Díaz
Visit to the UNAM
I went to the UNAM. The part where we visited was divided in three zones: the campus, the stadium and the faculties. The UNAM was created between ’52-’56. The first building that we visited was the rectory. Here there are three murals. All made by David Alfaro Sirqueiros. The first one is “Las Fechas más Importantes en la Historia de México”. That include these dates: 1520, 1810, 1857, 1910 and 19?? The next one is named “Nuevo Símbolo Universitario”. The mural has the Mexican Eagle and the Andean Condor. That means the unification between Mexico and Latin America. The last mural is named “El Pueblo a la Universidad, la Universidad al Pueblo por una Cultura Nacional Neohumanista de Profundidad Universal.” The technique is sculpture painting. A technique that uses cement, metal, and mosaics. In the library there is a mural make by Juan O’Gorman in ’52. It measure 16,000m2 and it is made by natural painted rocks. It has 4 faces. One is Mexico in the prehispanic era, other is the colonization and the last two are Mexico in the modern era. In the auditorium there is one named “La Conquista de la Energía”. Created by José Chavez in ’52 to ’53. It is make of glass mosaics. In the architecture building there is a mural named “El Retorno de Quetzalcoatl”. It shows painted persons from different cultures. It is also made by Chavez. At the medicine building there is a mural named “La Vida la Muerte el Meztisaje y los 4 Elementos”. It was made in ’53 by Francisco Eppens. It is create of glass mosaics. The deontologist building also has a mural made by Eppens. It is made of glass mosaics and was made in the ’52. The name is “La Superación del Hombre Por Medio de la Cultura”. There is a building that was a laboratory that had a kind of a machine that captured cosmic rays. It is named “Pabellón de Rayos Cósmicos”, made by Felix Candela. The mural at the stadium was made by Diego Rivera in ’52 to ’54. It is named “La Universidad la Familia y el Deporte en México”.
I like this visit because they explained very well all the aspects of the murals, and much information about them. I will like that all the Mexicans could visit this beautiful area that is a cultural world heritage. I learned so many things. I will suggest to everybody to come and visit it.
· Information by: Paloma Cárdenas Orozco
Visit to “The Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel” (Ecological Area of the Pedregal de San Ángel) and the “Jardín Botánico de CU” (Botanical Garden of CU)
We were divided in groups, and I went to the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel en Ciudad Universitaria, the demonstrative garden and finally the Botanical Garden of CU. There, we were guided by the architect Pedro Camarena. Every single word he said was very interesting.
First of all, I learned that plants are the most important thing for life, because they help us in many ways, like producing oxygen.
Nature always surprises us with incredible designs, I realized this when I first entered the Ecological Reserve, where man hasn’t interfered in its development and has worked a lot to keep it wild. In this area we can see the different shapes that all the plants form. Meanwhile, the Botanical Garden has very nice fruit trees and plants, but it is artificial, because people planted all of them. The botanical garden had also art, but I think the ecological reserve’s art was better because it was natural.
One of the most important things I learned, was that the plants in the Pedregal de San Ángel have their secrets to survive months without water, over rock, and with very hard exposure to the sun. Most of these plants attract a lot of fauna like pumas, hares, tlacuaches, snakes, some other insects, among others. Most of these animals aren’t dangerous.
During our hike through the ecological reserve, I saw different kind of plants and beautiful flowers. There was one of them I liked called “Paloloco”; that plant is very famous because it gives flowers during winter! Another plant my friends and I really loved a flower or plant called “Oreja de Burro” or “Echeveria Gibbiflora”. It changed its colors from bottom to top.
On one plant called Tigridia Pavonia, my friend Dafne spotted a very nice white, praying mantis. It seemed a very nice flower, but it wasn’t. Mr. Camarena showed all of us a plant that was very similar to a pea pod. He told me to taste it and it was delicious!
After eating our lunch, we went to the greenhouse, where we saw many plants that were treated by professional people with “agrolita and vermiculita”. We learned many, many things and saw different types of plants.
I liked and enjoyed this visit a lot because I learned facts I didn’t know about all kinds of pants in the Pedregal de San Ángel environments.
· Information by: María José Ordóñez Platas